Garcinia cambogia

July 5, 2020

Garcinia Cambogia is a fruit known to enhance the culinary experience of food. It increases the satiety of a meal (by enhancing the taste experience). Its use as a fat burner does not seem to extend to humans.

Overview

What is Garcinia cambogia?

Garcinia Cambogia, also known as Malabar Tamarind, is a small fruit that has some traditional use to enhance the culinary experience of a meal but beyond limited medicinal use.

It is an excellent source of hydroxycitric acids (related to citric acid and sour flavoring).
One of the isomers, known as (-)-Hydroxycitric acid, is thought to help control weight.

Uses & Effects

Appetite Suppression

In rats, (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (salt form; 60 percent HCA by weight) was able to inhibit serotonin re-uptake in rat cortical slices by 20 percent (300uM concentration) higher than that of fluoxetine (100uM) plus clomipramine (10uM) which inhibited 30 percent of uptake;, no inhibition was observed with 1000uM (1mM) of (-)-Hydroxycitric acid.

Another possible mechanism is the thought to be related to leptin. One rat study (which failed to find a reduction of 3.3 percent (-)-Hydroxycitric acid in food intake or weight after 4 weeks) found that serum insulin and leptin levels had decreased, which was thought to be in response to leptin mimetic action (not established).

In rats with quantified reductions in feed intake, 13.7 percent (0.2 percent feed intake), 26.7 percent (2 percent feed intake) and 25.6 percent (5 percent feed intake) of male rats with similar reductions in female rats were reported, with significant decreases in feed intake in this study occurring only 46 days after (earliest) or 74 days (earliest) intake.

In rats, it suppressed the intake of food.

Neuroprotection

Garcinia Cambogia has once been associated with reduced brain oxidation and neurodegeneration pathology but has been reported to work through reduced food intake and body weight (a study concluded that the state of obesity and high-fat diet impairs neural function).

Mechanism of Action

How Does Garcinia cambogia Work?

The mechanism of action inhibits an enzyme called citric acid lysase, which is essential for fatty acid synthesis, known as de novo lipogenesis. At least in rats, evidence of suppressed de novo lipogenesis has been noted, and oral consumption of (-)-Hydroxycitric acid appears to reduce food intake and body weight (to the degree that food intake cannot explain all the observed effects)

Studies in humans, for the most part, do not replicate this; this may be relating to less actual activity of de novo lipogenesis in humans and a much higher level in rats. Some isolated studies do note weight loss, but it seems to be quite variable and unreliable.

Many studies also report a subjective decrease in appetite, but tend to record drop-out rates (how often people leave the study because they are unable to maintain the diet protocol) rather than food intake; even then, the benefits are still unreliable and sometimes not present.

Although there is limited potential for (-)-hydroxycitric acid as a weight loss aid, the size of the effect is small (up to 2 kg over 3 months). The benefit is unreliable, making it difficult to recommend this compound as a fat burner or anti-obesity agent.

Side Effects

What Are Garcinia cambogia Side Effects?

Acute (14 days) administration of 5000 mg/kg bodyweight (-)-Hydroxycitric acid to albino rats of both sexes (small sample size 10) was not associated with any mortality or clinical signs of toxicity.

Studies that are not designed to evaluate toxicology but nevertheless use (-)-Hydroxycitric acid supplementation have also not been able to detect any toxicity associated with 3 percent of the rat diet for 5 days or 10 days or up to 5 percent of feed for 90 days.

At present, the human studies cited in Examine do not report any adverse reactions that occur in treatment groups (using Garcinia Cambogia) to a higher degree than placebo.

No observed toxicity in rats or humans following oral ingestion at this time.

Dosage

How To Take Garcinia cambogia?

The standard dosage of Garcinia Cambogia is bioactive (-)-Hydroxycitric acid is 500 mg (-)-Hydroxycitric acid takes 30-60 minutes before the meal usually made at up to three different meals per day.

It is uncertain whether this is the ideal dose since human studies usually fail to benefit from any dosage.

Noopept

Noopept improves cognition & memory. It is structurally similar, but far more potent than Piracetam. Research found it increases levels of BDNF, which play a role in neuroplasticity & learning. It’s been shown to improve learning & memory, reduce anxiety and depression symptoms.

Lion’s Mane Mushroom

Lion’s mane mushroom is an edible nootropic mushroom native to North America, Europe, and Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its health benefits, and more recently it has gained popularity as a nootropic supplement. Studies suggest it has several benefits, including improving cognitive function, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, and promoting nerve growth and regeneration.

Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root or roseroot, is a herb that grows in the mountains of Europe and Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to help improve mood, reduce stress and anxiety, and enhance physical and mental performance. Studies suggest that rhodiola rosea has nootropic effects, as it helps to improve cognitive function and brain health.

Sulbutiamine

Sulbutiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a nootropic thought to improve memory and cognitive function, improves concentration and focus, reduces fatigue, increases ,ental energy, and supports mood and emotional well-being. It does that by increasing the brain’s uptake of glucose, the primary source of energy for cells. Studies suggest that it may be useful in treating conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and depression, although more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

Tongkat Ali

Tongkat Ali is a supplement made from the roots of the Tongkat Ali plant. The roots are used to make an herbal supplement that is claimed to improve male sexual function and fertility.

Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide

Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide (also known as Fonturacetam) is a derivative of the performance-enhancing nootropic Phenylpiracetam. It has been gaining a lot of popularity since Phenylpiracetam was discontinued. It’s a smart drug widely used to improve memory, stimulate the central nervous system (CNS), and improve overall cognition. Introduction Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide is an effective cognitive

MDMA

MDMA, or ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that induces feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and heightened sensations. It can also lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as dehydration. Ecstasy is often used in social situations, such as parties or clubs, and is sometimes used to facilitate sexual activity.

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, an amino acid that is often taken as a dietary supplement. It is sometimes used to help treat respiratory problems, such as bronchitis and asthma, and has also been shown to be helpful in treating liver disease. N-Acetyl L-Cysteine is thought to work by helping to remove toxins from the

CDP-choline

CDP-cholin, or Citicoline, is a safe, potent, and extremely well-tolerated nootropic. It enhances memory and protects the brain serving as a neuroprotectant. In combination with other supplements, it works as a powerful potentiator, especially racetams. Overview Citicoline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline or cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from

Taurine

What is Taurine? Taurine is an organic compound that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a principal constituent of bile and can also be found in the large intestine, which aids in fat absorption. Taurine is also in the bloodstream and plays a role in osmoregulation (water balance) and detoxification. It

Fladrafinil (CRL-40-941)

Fladrafinil is a recently introduced wakefulness-promoting agent structurally similar to, as well as the prodrug, Modafinil. According to Wikipedia, a prodrug is a “compound that, after intake, is converted within the body…..prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability…this reduces adverse or unintended effects.” This means, in simplified language, that our bodies convert Fladrafinil into

Magnesium Glycinate

Overview Magnesium is a vital mineral used in many biological processes. It is an essential for neuroplasticity and ATP generation, both crucial for learning, memory, and cognitive function. Magnesium deficiency affects many people in our modern world today. It is found in green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, poultry, steak,